Discover the Benefits of Soursop / Graviola Leaf Powder

Graviola Leaf Powder front of the bag image Z Natural Foods 1 lb

Graviola Leaf Powder back of the bag image Z Natural Foods

Image of green Graviola Leaves and graviola fruit

Image of green Graviola Leaves in their stem

Graviola Leaf Powder (Soursop)

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Graviola leaf, also known as Soursop, has been used traditionally by indigenous populations in South America for centuries to support various conditions.

It is believed to have originated in the Amazon rainforest and spread to other parts of South America and the Caribbean.

Graviola leaf is known for its unique supportive qualities.

Some research suggests that Graviola may contain the following constituents:

Minerals: Magnesium, Phosphorus, Zinc, Copper, Selenium
Vitamins: Vitamin C, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B-6, Folate, Betaine, Beta carotene, Vitamin A (IU), Vitamin E, Vitamin K
Amino Acids: Tryptophan, Lysine, Methionine
Lactones: Annohexocina, Annomuricina, Annomutacina, Annopentocinas, Muricoreacina, Gigantetronemina, Murihexocina, Javoricina
Isoquionlines: Anonaine, Anoniine, Atherospermine, Coreximine
Lipids: Gentisic acid, Lignoceric acid, CLA, Stearic acid
Other Constituents: Annomuricatina, Linoleic acid, Bullatacin, Bullatacinone, Muricoreacin, Murihexocin C, Annomuricin A, Annomuricin B, Muricatocin A, Muricatocin C, Muricapentocin

Our Graviola / Soursop Leaf Powder comes from sustainably harvested trees. No chemicals or pesticides are used in the cultivation.
Suggested Use: Steep one teaspoon in 6 ounces of boiling water for 10 minutes. Take up to 3 times daily.

Other preparations:

Infusion: Use the ratio of 1 tablespoon of product for every 8 ounces of distilled water. Bring water to a boil and then take off the stove. Put tea in a pot or a mug filled with water and cover for 15 minutes. (This method is specific for whole-leaf herbs and teas)

Tincture: This method can take 15 to 30 days. You will need three items (a mason jar with a cover, the herb/herbs of your choice, and liquid for extracting). The extracting liquid can be alcohol, alcohol/ water combo, vinegar, or vegetable glycerin. Take the product and fill the jar ¾ full, add the liquid of your choice, and close the jar. Then, shake the jar so everything is well-mixed. Give the jar a good 5-minute shake several times a day. After 15 to 30 days, strain and bottle in glass tincture jars.

Mixing suggestions: To increase flavor and nutritional profile, combine our premium acai and organic acerola powders in a smoothie.
Botanical Name: Annona Muricata

Other Names: Soursop, Brazilian paw paw, guanabana, custard apple, guanavana, corossol Epineux, guanaba, huanaba, toge-banreisi, durian benggala, nangka blanda, guanabano, cachiman Epineux, Annona cherimola, Annona macrocarpa, Annona muricata, Brazilian Cherimoya, Corossol, Corossol, Epineux, Corossolier, Nangka Londa, Sour Sop, guyabano, Coracao de Boi, Evo, Ekitafeeli, Stafeli, anona, sorsaka, adunu, toge-banreisi, durian benggala, durian belanda, nangka blanda, sirsak, zuurzak, sirsak, zuurzak.

Parts Used: Graviola Leaf.
Ingredients: Graviola Leaf.
Origin: Grown and dried in Peru and packaged with care in Florida, USA.

How to Maintain Optimum Freshness

This product is packaged in airtight stand-up, resealable foil pouches for optimum freshness.
Once opened, push the air out of the pouch before resealing it to preserve maximum potency.
Keep your powder in a cool, dark, dry place.

This product is 100% natural and minimally processed:

Taste, smell, texture, and color vary from batch to batch. Go here to learn why our products may naturally vary.

The important protections we take to bring you safe and nutritious superfoods:

Please go here to discover the essential steps we take to deliver fresh, quality nutrition.

Bulk Quantities?

Need to order a large quantity of our products? We are happy to help! Please get in touch with our Bulk department to discuss the details.

* Product packaging, pictures, and origin may vary.

Sources & References

1. Torres, M., et al. "Graviola: a novel promising natural-derived drug that inhibits tumorigenicity and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo through altering cell metabolism." Cancer Lett. 2012 Oct 1;323(1):29-40.

2.de Pedro N, et al. "Analysis of cytotoxic activity at short incubation times reveals profound differences among Annonaceus acetogenins, inhibitors of mitochondrial Complex I." J Bioenerg Biomembr. 2012 Nov 21. [Epub ahead of print]

3. de Pedro N, et al. "Mitochondrial complex I inhibitors, acetogenins, induce HepG2 cell death through the induction of the complete apoptotic mitochondrial pathway." J Bioenerg Biomembr. 2012 Nov 21. [Epub ahead of print]

4. Hamizah, S., et al. "Chemopreventive potential of Annona muricata L leaves on chemically-induced skin papillomagenesis in mice." Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(6):2533-9.

5. Chen, Y., et al. "Anti-tumor activity of Annona squamosa seeds extract containing annonaceous acetogenin compounds." J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Jul 13;142(2):462-6.

6. Chen, Y., et al. "Antitumor activity of annonaceous acetogenins in HepS and S180 xenografts bearing mice." Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2012 Apr 15;22(8):2717-9.

7. George, V., et al. "Quantitative assessment of the relative antineoplastic potential of the n-butanolic leaf extract of Annona muricata Linn. in normal and immortalized human cell lines." Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(2):699-704.

8. Gomes de Melo, J., et al. "Antiproliferative activity, antioxidant capacity and tannin content in plants of semi-arid northeastern Brazil." Molecules. 2010 Nov 24;15(12):8534-42.

9. Ko, Y., et al. "Annonacin induces cell cycle-dependent growth arrest and apoptosis in estrogen receptor-?-related pathways in MCF-7 cells." J Ethnopharmacol. 2011 Oct 11;137(3):1283-90.

10. Tantithanaporn, S., et al. "Cytotoxic activity of acetogenins and styryl lactones isolated from Goniothalamus undulatus Ridl. root extracts against a lung cancer cell line (COR-L23)." Phytomedicine. 2011 Apr 15;18(6):486-90.

11. Coothankandaswamy, V., et al. "The alternative medicine pawpaw and its acetogenin constituents suppress tumor angiogenesis via the HIF-1/VEGF pathway." J Nat Prod. 2010 May 28;73(5):956-61.

12. Yang, h., et al. "Structure-activity relationships of diverse annonaceous acetogenins against human tumor cells." Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Apr 15;19(8):2199-202.

13. Kojima, N. "Systematic synthesis of antitumor Annonaceous acetogenins" Yakugaku Zasshi. 2004; 124(10): 673-81.

14. Tormo, J. R., et al. "In vitro antitumor structure-activity relationships of threo/trans/threo mono-tetrahydro-furanic acetogenins: Correlations with their inhibition of mitochondrial complex I." Oncol. Res. 2003; 14(3): 147-54.

15. Yuan, S. S., et al. "Annonacin, a mono-tetrahydrofuran acetogenin, arrests cancer cells at the G1 phase and causes cytotoxicity in a Bax- and caspase-3-related pathway." Life Sci. 2003 May: 72(25): 2853-61.

16. Liaw, C. C., et al. "New cytotoxic monotetrahydrofuran Annonaceous acetogenins from Annona muricata." J. Nat. Prod. 2002; 65(4): 470-75

17. Gonzalez-Coloma, A., et al. "Selective action of acetogenin mitochondrial complex I inhibitors." Z. Naturforsch. 2002; 57(11-12): 1028-34.

18. de Sousa, O., et al. "Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Ethanol Extract of Annona muricata L. Leaves in Animal Models." Int J Mol Sci. 2010 May 6;11(5):2067-78

19. Nawwar, M., et al. "A flavonol triglycoside and investigation of the antioxidant and cell stimulating activities of Annona muricata Linn." Arch Pharm Res. 2012 May;35(5):761-7.

20. Adewole, S., et al. "Protective effects of Annona muricata Linn. (Annonaceae) leaf aqueous extract on serum lipid profiles and oxidative stress in hepatocytes of streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats." Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2008 Oct 25;6(1):30-41.

21. Baskar, R., et al. "In vitro antioxidant studies in leaves of Annona species." Indian J Exp Biol. 2007 May;45(5):480-5.

22. Padma, P., et al. "Effect of Annona muricata and Polyalthia cerasoides on brain neurotransmitters and enzyme monoamine oxidase following cold immobilization stress." J. Natural Remedies 2001; 1(2): 144"“46.

23. Hasrat, J. A., et al. "Screening of medicinal plants from Suriname for 5-HT 1A ligands: Bioactive isoquinoline alkaloids from the fruit of Annona muricata." Phytomedicine. 1997; 4(20: 133-140.

24. Padma, P., et al. "Effect of alcohol extract of Annona muricata on cold immobilization stress induced tissue lipid peroxidation." Phytother. Res. 1997; 11(4): 326-327.

25. Hasrat, J. A., et al. "Isoquinoline derivatives isolated from the fruit of Annona muricata as 5-HTergic 5-HT1A receptor agonists in rats: unexploited antidepressive (lead) products." J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1997; 49(11): 1145"“49.

26. Nwokocha, C., et al. "Possible mechanisms of action of the hypotensive effect of Annona muricata (soursop) in normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats." Pharm Biol. 2012 Nov;50(11):1436-41.

27. Carbajal, D., et al. "Pharmacological screening of plant decoctions commonly used in Cuban folk medicine." J. Ethnopharmacol. 1991; 33(1/2): 21"“4.

28. Feng, P. C., et al. "Pharmacological screening of some West Indian medicinal plants." J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1962; 14: 556"“61.

29. Meyer, T. M. "The alkaloids of Annona muricata." Ing. Ned. Indie. 1941; 8(6): 64.

30. Grzybowski, A., et al. "Synergistic larvicidal effect and morphological alterations induced by ethanolic extracts of Annona muricata and Piper nigrum against the dengue fever vector Aedes aegypti." Pest Manag Sci. 2012 Sep 19. doi: 10.1002/ps.3409. [Epub ahead of print]

31. Vila-Nova N., et al. "Leishmanicidal activity and cytotoxicity of compounds from two Annonacea species cultivated in Northeastern Brazil." Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2011 Oct;44(5):567-71.

32. Broglio-Micheletti S., et al. "[Plant extracts in control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1887) (Acari: Ixodidae) in laboratory]." Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 2009 Oct-Dec;18(4):44-8.

33. Osorio, E., et al. "Antiprotozoal and cytotoxic activities in vitro of Colombian Annonaceae." J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 May 22;111(3):630-5.

34. Luna, J. S., et al. "Acetogenins in Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae) leaves are potent molluscicides." Nat. Prod. Res. 2006; 20(3): 253-7.

35. Jaramillo, M. C., et al. "Cytotoxicity and antileishmanial activity of Annona muricata pericarp." Fitoterapia. 2000; 71(2): 183"“6.

36. Alali, F. Q., et al. "Annonaceous acetogenins as natural pesticides; potent toxicity against insecticide-susceptible and resistant German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)." J. Econ. Entomol. 1998; 91(3): 641-9.

37. Antoun, M. D., et al. "Screening of the flora of Puerto Rico for potential antimalarial bioactives." Int. J. Pharmacog. 1993; 31(4): 255"“58.

38. Heinrich, M., et al. "Parasitological and microbiological evaluation of Mixe Indian medicinal plants (Mexico)." J. Ethnopharmacol. 1992; 36(1): 81"“5.

39. Bories, C., et al. "Antiparasitic activity of Annona muricata and Annona cherimolia seeds." Planta Med. 1991; 57(5): 434"“36.

40. Gbeassor, M., et al. "In vitro antimalarial activity of six medicinal plants." Phytother. Res. 1990; 4(3): 115"“17.

41. Tattersfield, F., et al. "The insecticidal properties of certain species of Annona and an Indian strain of Mundulea sericea (Supli)." Ann. Appl. Biol. 1940; 27: 262"“73.

42. Adeyemi, D., et al. "Histomorphological and morphometric studies of the pancreatic islet cells of diabetic rats treated with extracts of Annona muricata." Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2010 May;69(2):92-100.

43. Adeyemi, D., et al. "Anti hyperglycemic activities of Annona muricata (Linn)" Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2008 Oct 25;6(1):62-9.

44. Adewole, S., et al. "Protective effects of Annona muricata Linn. (Annonaceae) leaf aqueous extract on serum lipid profiles and oxidative stress in hepatocytes of streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats." Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2008 Oct 25;6(1):30-41.

45.Feng, L., et al. "Specific inhibitions of annonaceous acetogenins on class II 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase from Streptococcus pneumoniae." Bioorg Med Chem. 2011 Jun 1;19(11):3512-9.

46. Viera, G., et al. "Antibacterial effect (in vitro) of Moringa oleifera and Annona muricata against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria." Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2010 May-Jun;52(3):129-32.

47. Takahashi, J.A., et al. "Antibacterial activity of eight Brazilian Annonaceae plants." Nat. Prod. Res. 2006; 20(1): 21-6.

48. Betancur-Galvis, L., et al. "Antitumor and antiviral activity of Colombian medicinal plant extracts." Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 1999; 94(4): 531-35.

49. Antoun, M. D., et al. "Evaluation of the flora of Puerto Rico for in vitro cytotoxic and anti-HIV activities." Pharmaceutical Biol. 1999; 37(4): 277-280.

50. Padma, P., et al. "Effect of the extract of Annona muricata and Petunia nyctaginiflora on Herpes simplex virus." J. Ethnopharmacol. 1998; 61(1): 81"“3.

51. Sundarrao, K., et al. "Preliminary screening of antibacterial and antitumor activities of Papua New Guinean native medicinal plants." Int. J. Pharmacog. 1993; 31(1): 3"“6.

52. Misas, C. A. J., et al. "Contribution to the biological evaluation of Cuban plants. IV." Rev. Cubana Med. Trop. 1979; 31(1): 29"“35.

53. Anticonvulsant, Antispasmodic, & Smooth Muscle Relaxant Actions:

54. N"'gouemo, P., et al. "Effects of ethanol extract of Annona muricata on pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsive seizures in mice." Phytother. Res. 1997; 11(3): 243"“45.

55. Feng, P. C., et al. "Pharmacological screening of some West Indian medicinal plants." J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1962; 14: 556"“61.

56.Chang, F. R., et al. "Novel cytotoxic Annonaceous acetogenins from Annona muricata." J. Nat. Prod. 2001; 64(7): 925-31.

57. Jaramillo, M. C., et al. "Cytotoxicity and antileishmanial activity of Annona muricata pericarp." Fitoterapia. 2000; 71 (2): 183-6.

58. Betancur-Galvis, L., et al. "Antitumor and antiviral activity of Colombian medicinal plant extracts." Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. 1999; 94(4): 531-35.

59. Kim, G. S., et al. "Muricoreacin and murihexocin C, mono-tetrahydrofuran acetogenins, from the leaves of Annona muricata." Phytochemistry. 1998; 49(2): 565-71.

60. Kim, G. S., et al. "Two new mono-tetrahydrofuran ring acetogenins, annomuricin E and muricapentocin, from the leaves of Annona muricata." J. Nat. Prod. 1998; 61(4): 432-36.

61. Nicolas, H., et al. "Structure-activity relationships of diverse Annonaceous acetogenins against multidrug resistant human mammary adenocarcinoma (MCF-7/Adr) cells." J. Med. Chem. 1997; 40(13): 2102-6.

62. Zeng, L., et al. "Five new monotetrahydrofuran ring acetogenins from the leaves of Annona muricata." J. Nat. Prod. 1996; 59(11): 1035-42.

63. Wu, F. E., et al. "Two new cytotoxic monotetrahydrofuran Annonaceous acetogenins, annomuricins A and B, from the leaves of Annona muricata." J. Nat. Prod. 1995; 58(6): 830-36.

64. Oberlies, N. H., et al. "Tumor cell growth inhibition by several Annonaceous acetogenins in an in vitro disk diffusion assay." Cancer Lett. 1995; 96(1): 55-62.

65. Wu, F. E., et al. "Additional bioactive acetogenins, annomutacin and (2,4-trans and cis)-10R-annonacin-A-ones, from the leaves of Annona muricata." J. Nat. Prod. 1995; 58(9): 1430-37.

66. Wu, F. E., et al. "New bioactive monotetrahydrofuran Annonaceous acetogenins, annomuricin C and muricatocin C, from the leaves of Annona muricata." J. Nat. Prod. 1995; 58(6): 909-5.

67. Wu, F. E., et al. "Muricatocins A and B, two new bioactive monotetrahydrofuran Annonaceous acetogenins from the leaves of Annona muricata." J. Nat. Prod. 1995; 58(6): 902-8.

68. Sundarrao, K., et al. "Preliminary screening of antibacterial and antitumor activities of Papua New Guinean native medicinal plants." Int. J. Pharmacog. 1993; 31(1): 3-6.

69. Caparros-Lefebvre D, Elbaz A. Possible relation of atypical parkinsonism in the French West Indies with consumption of tropical plants: a case-control study. Caribbean Parkinsonism Study Group. Lancet 1999;354:281-6.

70. dos Santos AF, Sant'Ana AE. Molluscicidal properties of some species of Annona. Phytomedicine 2001;8:115-20.

71. Jaramillo MC, Arango GJ, Gonzalez MC, et al. Cytotoxicity and antileishmanial activity of Annona muricata pericarp. Fitoterapia 2000;71:183-6.

72. Lannuzel A, Michel PP, Caparros-Lefebvre D, et al. Toxicity of Annonaceae for dopaminergic neurons: potential role in atypical parkinsonism in Guadeloupe. Mov Disord 2002;17:84-90.

73. Oberlies NH, Chang CJ, McLaughlin JL. Structure-activity relationships of diverse Annonaceous acetogenins against multidrug resistant human mammary adenocarcinoma (MCF-7/Adr) cells. J Med Chem 1997;40:2102-6.

74. Padma P, Pramod NP, Thyagarajan SP, Khosa RL. Effect of the extract of Annona muricata and Petunia nyctaginiflora on Herpes simplex virus. J Ethnopharmacol 1998;61:81-3.

75. Roman G. Tropical myeloneuropathies revisited. Curr Opin Neurol 1998;11:539-44.

76. Kojima, N. "Systematic synthesis of antitumor Annonaceous acetogenins" Yakugaku Zasshi. 2004; 124(10): 673-81.

77. Tormo, J. R., et al. "In vitro antitumor structure-activity relationships of threo/trans/threo mono-tetrahydro-furanic acetogenins: Correlations with their inhibition of mitochondrial complex I." Oncol. Res. 2003; 14(3): 147-54.

78. Yuan, S. S., et al. "Annonacin, a mono-tetrahydrofuran acetogenin, arrests cancer cells at the G1 phase and causes cytotoxicity in a Bax- and caspase-3-related pathway." Life Sci. 2003 May: 72(25): 2853-61.

79. Liaw, C. C., et al. "New cytotoxic monotetrahydrofuran Annonaceous acetogenins from Annona muricata." J. Nat. Prod. 2002; 65(4): 470-75.

80. Gonzalez-Coloma, A., et al. "Selective action of acetogenin mitochondrial complex I inhibitors." Z. Naturforsch. 2002; 57(11-12): 1028-34.

81. Chang, F. R., et al. "Novel cytotoxic Annonaceous acetogenins from Annona muricata." J. Nat. Prod. 2001; 64(7): 925-31.

82. Jaramillo, M. C., et al. "Cytotoxicity and antileishmanial activity of Annona muricata pericarp." Fitoterapia. 2000; 71 (2): 183-6.

83. Betancur-Galvis, L., et al. "Antitumor and antiviral activity of Colombian medicinal plant extracts." Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. 1999; 94(4): 531-35.

84. Kim, G. S., et al. "Muricoreacin and murihexocin C, mono-tetrahydrofuran acetogenins, from the leaves of Annona muricata." Phytochemistry. 1998; 49(2): 565-71.

85. Kim, G. S., et al. "Two new mono-tetrahydrofuran ring acetogenins, annomuricin E and muricapentocin, from the leaves of Annona muricata." J. Nat. Prod. 1998; 61(4): 432-36.

86. Nicolas, H., et al. "Structure-activity relationships of diverse Annonaceous acetogenins against multidrug resistant human mammary adenocarcinoma (MCF-7/Adr) cells." J. Med. Chem. 1997; 40(13): 2102-6.
br> 87. Zeng, L., et al. "Five new monotetrahydrofuran ring acetogenins from the leaves of Annona muricata." J. Nat. Prod. 1996; 59(11): 1035-42.

88. Wu, F. E., et al. "Two new cytotoxic monotetrahydrofuran Annonaceous acetogenins, annomuricins A and B, from the leaves of Annona muricata." J. Nat. Prod. 1995; 58(6): 830-36.

89. Oberlies, N. H., et al. "Tumor cell growth inhibition by several Annonaceous acetogenins in an in vitro disk diffusion assay." Cancer Lett. 1995; 96(1): 55-62.

90. Wu, F. E., et al. "Additional bioactive acetogenins, annomutacin and (2,4-trans and cis)-10R-annonacin-A-ones, from the leaves of Annona muricata." J. Nat. Prod. 1995; 58(9): 1430-37.

91. Wu, F. E., et al. "New bioactive monotetrahydrofuran Annonaceous acetogenins, annomuricin C and muricatocin C, from the leaves of Annona muricata." J. Nat. Prod. 1995; 58(6): 909-5.

92. Wu, F. E., et al. "Muricatocins A and B, two new bioactive monotetrahydrofuran Annonaceous acetogenins from the leaves of Annona muricata." J. Nat. Prod. 1995; 58(6): 902-8.

93. Sundarrao, K., et al. "Preliminary screening of antibacterial and antitumor activities of Papua New Guinean native medicinal plants." Int. J. Pharmacog. 1993; 31(1): 3-6.

94. Takahashi, J.A., et al. "Antibacterial activity of eight Brazilian Annonaceae plants." Nat. Prod. Res. 2006; 20(1): 21-6.

95. Betancur-Galvis, L., et al. "Antitumor and antiviral activity of Colombian medicinal plant extracts." Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 1999; 94(4): 531-35.

96. Antoun, M. D., et al. "Evaluation of the flora of Puerto Rico for in vitro cytotoxic and anti-HIV activities." Pharmaceutical Biol. 1999; 37(4): 277-280.

97. Padma, P., et al. "Effect of the extract of Annona muricata and Petunia nyctaginiflora on Herpes simplex virus." J. Ethnopharmacol. 1998; 61(1): 81"“3.

98. Sundarrao, K., et al. "Preliminary screening of antibacterial and antitumor activities of Papua New Guinean native medicinal plants." Int. J. Pharmacog. 1993; 31(1): 3"“6.

99. Misas, C. A. J., et al. "Contribution to the biological evaluation of Cuban plants. IV." Rev. Cubana Med. Trop. 1979; 31(1): 29"“35.

100. Padma, P., et al. "Effect of Annona muricata and Polyalthia cerasoides on brain neurotransmitters and enzyme monoamine oxidase following cold immobilization stress." J. Natural Remedies 2001; 1(2): 144"“46.

101. Hasrat, J. A., et al. "Screening of medicinal plants from Suriname for 5-HT 1A ligands: Bioactive isoquinoline alkaloids from the fruit of Annona muricata." Phytomedicine. 1997; 4(20: 133-140.

102. Padma, P., et al. "Effect of alcohol extract of Annona muricata on cold immobilization stress induced tissue lipid peroxidation." Phytother. Res. 1997; 11(4): 326-327.

103. Hasrat, J. A., et al. "Isoquinoline derivatives isolated from the fruit of Annona muricata as 5-HTergic 5-HT1A receptor agonists in rats: unexploited antidepressive (lead) products." J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1997; 49(11): 1145"“49.

104. Luna, J. S., et al. "Acetogenins in Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae) leaves are potent molluscicides." Nat. Prod. Res. 2006; 20(3): 253-7.

105. Jaramillo, M. C., et al. "Cytotoxicity and antileishmanial activity of Annona muricata pericarp." Fitoterapia. 2000; 71(2): 183"“6.

106. Alali, F. Q., et al. "Annonaceous acetogenins as natural pesticides; potent toxicity against insecticide-susceptible and resistant German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)." J. Econ. Entomol. 1998; 91(3): 641-9.

107. Antoun, M. D., et al. "Screening of the flora of Puerto Rico for potential antimalarial bioactives." Int. J. Pharmacog. 1993; 31(4): 255"“58.

108. Heinrich, M., et al. "Parasitological and microbiological evaluation of Mixe Indian medicinal plants (Mexico)." J. Ethnopharmacol. 1992; 36(1): 81"“5.

109. Bories, C., et al. "Antiparasitic activity of Annona muricata and Annona cherimolia seeds." Planta Med. 1991; 57(5): 434"“36.

110. Gbeassor, M., et al. "In vitro antimalarial activity of six medicinal plants." Phytother. Res. 1990; 4(3): 115"“17.

111. Tattersfield, F., et al. "The insecticidal properties of certain species of Annona and an Indian strain of Mundulea sericea (Supli)." Ann. Appl. Biol. 1940; 27: 262"“73.

112. N"'gouemo, P., et al. "Effects of ethanol extract of Annona muricata on pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsive seizures in mice." Phytother. Res. 1997; 11(3): 243"“45.

113. Feng, P. C., et al. "Pharmacological screening of some West Indian medicinal plants." J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1962; 14: 556"“61.

114. Carbajal, D., et al. "Pharmacological screening of plant decoctions commonly used in Cuban folk medicine." J. Ethnopharmacol. 1991; 33(1/2): 21"“4.

115. Feng, P. C., et al. "Pharmacological screening of some West Indian medicinal plants." J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1962; 14: 556"“61.

116. Meyer, T. M. "The alkaloids of Annona muricata." Ing. Ned. Indie. 1941; 8(6): 64.

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118. http://guyabano.com

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120. http://www.ars-grin.gov/duke/

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